Kwiimeko zomngcipheko ophezulu-ezifana nemveliso yemizi-mveliso, izakhiwo zoluntu, kunye nokugcinwa kwezinto ezinobungozi, ukhuseleko lokhuseleko luhlala lubaluleke kakhulu. Iipleyiti zobungqina bempembelelo-ezikwaziyo ukudubula-, njengesixhobo esikhethekileyo sokukhusela esenzelwe ngokukodwa imeko-bume egqithisileyo, ngokuthe ngcembe zithatha indawo yezixhobo zokhuselo zemveli kwaye zibe ngumqobo ongundoqo wokukhusela abasebenzi kunye nepropathi, enkosi kulungiso lwazo lwemathiriyeli eyodwa kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu okubanzi. Xa kuthelekiswa neepleyiti eziqhelekileyo, impembelelo{5}}iyaxhathisa kunye nokudubula{6}}iipleyiti zobungqina zigqwesa kwimiba yokusebenza engundoqo efana nogqabhuko-dubulo{7}ubungqina, ukuxhathisa impembelelo, kunye nokumelana nomlilo, ngelixa ikwabonelela ngokulula kunye noqoqosho. Uncedo lwabo lubonakaliswa ngokubanzi kwimiba emininzi, ibenza bafaneleke kwiimfuno ezingqongqo ezahlukeneyo{9}}zemeko zomngcipheko ophezulu.
Olona ncedo luphambili lwempembelelo-enokuxhathisa kunye nokudubula{1}iiphaneli zobungqina zilele kugqabhuko-dubulo oluphezulu{2}}nobungqina kunye nefuthe{3}}lokusebenza okuxhathisayo, olukwaluphawu lwazo olungundoqo oluzahlula kwiiphaneli eziqhelekileyo. Ezi ndawo zolawulo zisebenzisa ulwakhiwo oludityanisiweyo, zisebenzisa{5}udidi oluphezulu, olukhawulezayo{6}}oluqilima isamente njengemathiriyeli esisiseko, kunye nemathiriyeli eyongeziweyo yokuqinisa, kwaye zenziwa{7}}ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye{8}}nobushushu obuphezulu bokunyanga. Uqikelelo lobungqina bokudubula{10} babo buhlangabezana neemfuno zemigangatho ye-GB 50089-2018, ngokusebenzayo ukumelana nomothuko wokudubula we-0.8MPa. Xa bedibana nogqabhuko-dubulo, abayi kuqhekeka kwaye baqhekeze, bangena kwi-deformation encinci kuphela, bakhulise uthintelo lwamaza othusayo kunye nokusasazeka kweqhekeza kunye nokuphepha ukwenzakala okwesibini. Ngokokumelana nempembelelo, amandla abo anokufikelela kwi-15kJ/m², ngaphezulu kokuphindwe kathathu kuneephaneli eziqhelekileyo ezingatshiyo. Naxa ziphantsi kweempembelelo zento enzima okanye amandla angaphandle, aziyi kwenzakala umonakalo.
Ukumelana nomlilo okugqwesileyo kunye{0}}nokumelana nobushushu kunika ukhuseleko oluphindiweyo kwimiba yomngcipheko ophezulu-. Uninzi lweempembelelo-oluxhathisayo nolugqabhukileyo-iiphaneli zobungqina zidibana ne-A1 engatshayo{6}}imigangatho enokutsha, kunye nexesha lokumelana nomlilo elingaphezulu kwemizuzu eyi-180. Emva kokutshiswa kwi-800℃kwiyure enye, basagcina ingqibelelo yesakhiwo, bangavelisi umsi onetyhefu okanye ukuthontsiza. Oku kuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukusasazeka komlilo kwaye kunika ixesha elaneleyo lokubaleka kwabasebenzi kunye nokufuduswa kwezixhobo. Xa kuthelekiswa neepaneli zemveli ezingatshiyo, zibonisa uzinzo{12}}lobushushu obuphezulu kwaye aziyi kuba ngumgubo okanye zigqwese nasemva kokuvezwa ixesha elide kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Zifaneleke ngokukodwa iindawo ezineemfuno eziphakamileyo zokhuseleko lomlilo, ezifana nezikhululo zerhasi, iipaki zemizi-mveliso yeekhemikhali, amagumbi okubiyela, kunye neendawo zokugcina izixhobo. Ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo imigangatho yokhuseleko lomlilo, babonelela ngokudibeneyo "ubungqina bokuqhuma{15}}ubungqina + bokukhusela umlilo", ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokhuseleko oludibeneyo lomlilo kunye nokudubula okuvela kumthombo.
Ubungqina bokufuma {{0}, ukubola -iyaxhathisa, kwaye yomelele, le mathiriyeli ithoba kakhulu iindleko zolungiso. Icutshungulwe ngesambatho esikhethekileyo, iqhayisa ngesantya sokufunxa amanzi Ngaphantsi okanye ilingana ne-10%, ikhusela ukungunda, ukudumba, kunye nomhlwa nakwiindawo ezifumileyo eziselunxwemeni nakwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla ezingaphantsi komhlaba. Ngaphaya koko, ukuxhathisa kwayo okugqwesileyo kwi-asidi kunye ne-alkali corrosion ikhusela kwi-asidi eqhelekileyo kunye neegesi zealkali ezifumaneka kwiipaki zemizi-mveliso yeekhemikhali, okukhokelela kuzinzo olukhethekileyo lwemathiriyeli kunye nobomi benkonzo obandisiweyo. Ngokungafaniyo neephaneli zokhuselo ezifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo kunye nokutshintshwa, le mpembelelo-iyaxhathisa kunye nokudubula{7}}iphaneli yobungqina ibonelela ngeenzuzo zexesha elide-kufakelo olunye, isusa imfuno yokugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokhuseleko xa zizonke.
Ikhaphukhaphu kwaye kulula ukuyifaka, ukulungelelaniswa neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokufakela. Xa kuthelekiswa neendonga zokhuselo zekonkrithi okanye iipaneli zentsimbi ezisulungekileyo, impembelelo-iyaxhathisa kunye nokudubula{2}iipaneli zobungqina zifezekisa uyilo olukhaphukhaphu ngelixa zigcina amandla aphezulu, zilinganisa kuphela i-1/3 yodonga lwekhonkrithi kunye nesiphumo esilinganayo sokukhusela. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu umthwalo kwisakhiwo esikhulu sokwakha kwaye ugweme imiphumo emibi ye-eccentric kwimiqadi yesakhelo. Ifumaneka kwiinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo, zinokusikwa kwaye zicandelwe ngokweemfuno zokwenyani. Inkqubo yokwakha ayifuni izixhobo ezinkulu ezinzima; inokugqityezelwa ngofakelo lwe-splicing, olulula ukuyisebenzisa, olusebenza kakhulu, kwaye lufutshane ngokufanelekileyo umjikelo wokwakha. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ukhuseleko olupheleleyo lweeprojekthi ezintsha okanye ukulungiswa kokhuseleko lwezakhiwo ezikhoyo, ziyakwazi ukuguqulwa ngokuguquguqukayo, ukunciphisa kakhulu ubunzima bokwakha kunye neendleko zokwakha.
Ngokuguquguquka okuqinileyo kuzo zonke iimeko, ilinganisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza. Uluhlu lwesicelo sempembelelo-oluxhathisayo nolugqabhukayo{{2}iiphaneli zobungqina banzi ngokugqithisileyo, ludlala indima engundoqo kuyo nayiphi na imeko efuna ugqabhuko-dubulo{3}}ubungqina, impembelelo{4}}enokumelana, kunye nezakhiwo ezikwaziyo nomlilo{5}}. Kwishishini lamandla kunye neekhemikhali, lingasetyenziselwa izahlulo zendawo yetanki kwizikhululo zegesi kunye nezikhululo ze-CNG, kunye nokukhusela iindibano zocweyo zemveliso kwiipaki zoshishino lwamachiza; kwintsimi yokugcina izinto ezinobungozi, ifanelekile kwizinto ezinobungozi zokwahlula i-warehouse kunye nokukhusela izixhobo zomlilo; kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo zemizi-mveliso, inokusetyenziswa njengokudubula -izahlulo zobungqina kwiindibano zocweyo zomkhosi kunye neendawo zokugcina izixhobo; kwindawo yokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, ingasetyenziselwa uqhushumbo{8}}indawo zokhuselo lobungqina kwiindlela ezingaphantsi kunye{9}}nezikhululo zikaloliwe ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu, kunye nezahlulo zokhuseleko kwiivaults zebhanki.
Ngaphaya koko, iiphaneli zobungqina bempembelelo-nokudubula{1}zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwaye aziyotyhefu{2}. Akukho zithako eziyingozi zongezwayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa, kwaye iiphaneli ngokwazo azinavumba kwaye azingcoliseki{4}}, zihlangabezana neemfuno zokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kwisakhiwo sanamhlanje esiluhlaza kunye nemveliso yemizi-mveliso. Aziyi kwenzakalisa impilo yabantu okanye imekobume. Ngaxeshanye, zinezinga eliphezulu lokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwaye zingaphinda zisetyenziswe emva kokuba zilahliwe, zibandakanya ingqikelelo yohlaza kunye nophuhliso olusezantsi{7} lwekhabhoni.
Elokuqukumbela, impembelelo{0}}iyaxhathisa kunye nokudubula iiphaneli zobungqina, kunye neenzuzo zazo ezininzi ezibandakanya ukuqhuma{2}}ubungqina kunye nokuxhathisa impembelelo, ukuxhathisa umlilo kunye-nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukufuma kunye nokuxhathisa umhlwa, ulwakhiwo olulula, ukuziqhelanisa nazo zonke iimeko, ukuqina kwezoqoqosho, kunye nobuhlobo bezendalo kunye nokungabikho kwetyhefu, ibe yinto ekhuselekileyo yokhuseleko, ibe yinto engafanelekanga yokhuseleko -imeko zomngcipheko ophezulu. Ngokuphuculwa kwemveliso yemizi-mveliso kunye nokwanda kweemfuno zokhuseleko, impembelelo{7}}enganyangekiyo kunye noqhushumbo{8}}iiphaneli zobungqina ziya kuqhubeka nokuphucula imathiriyeli kunye neenkqubo, ukwandisa ngakumbi iimeko zesicelo kunye nokubonelela ngezisombululo ezithembekileyo nezisebenzayo zokhuseleko lokhuseleko kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ngaloo ndlela kwakhiwa ukhuselo oluluqilima lokhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nepropathi.
