1. Uqhushumbo{1}}Izinto zoBungqina:{2}}Iiphaneli zobungqina ziqhele ukwenziwa ngamandla{3}}amandla, ubushushu{4}}okumelana,{5}}nobutyhefu, obungenabungozi, kunye noxinzelelo{6}}noqhushumbo olunganyangekiyo{7}}izinto ezingqinayo, ezifana neepleyiti zentsimbi, i-refractory{8}izinto ezikwaziyo ukumelana nekhemikhali{8} imicu. Bafunxa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye basasaze amandla amaza okuqhuma.
2. Izinto zokuncamathelisa: Izinto zokuncamathelisa zibalulekile ekudibaniseni uqhushumbo{1}}iipaneli zobungqina kwi-substrate. -umgangatho ophezulu, izixhobo eziqinileyo zokudibanisa, ezifana nephenolic resin, epoxy resin, kunye ne-acrylic resin, zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuqinisekisa uqhagamshelwano olukhuselekileyo phakathi kwendawo yolawulo kunye ne-substrate.
3. I-Substrate: I-substrate apho iphaneli yobungqina bokudubula{1} ibotshelelwe kuyo ixhomekeke kwisixhobo kunye nezixhobo zokwakha eziza kukhuselwa. Ezi zixhobo ziqhelekile zizixhobo ezomeleleyo njengentsimbi, ikhonkrithi, umthi kunye neplastiki.
